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Invasion: Malta

Wargames

Member
GAME COMMENTARY

I had to start the game over three times because AI (co-pilot) can make mistakes. It often sends companies that were already sent elsewhere to engage me. Not a serious problem. Simply remind it and it will gracefully acknowledge its error. However, twice it provided incorrect information that forced me to start over using the correction.

On this third try, Co-pilot remembered the previous game and changed its strategy from the second game, knowing it lost. This time, it reversed everything it did before to try and win. It learns. It also recognized that when it it spotted my two landing ships west of Gozo, I planned a west landing. That allowed it to move its Pembroke infantry company to attack my parachute battalion in Mosta.

I also learned from the second game. I found I gained nothing from taking Wardija Ridge above Buggiba. The British hold and then escape. So I shifted my attack west to take the Triq il Palma road south from Mellieha. Aerial recon showed an obvious, impossible to camouflage, pillbox where I had to cross 118 to go down Triq il Palma. So I had to take it. The aerial photos showed it had defenses north, south, and west, but none east.

The obvious soultion was to atttack from the east, but this was just too simple. Why was the east not covered?

To the east there's a lot of trees.

I was sure there was something in those trees and that attacking from the east was a deliberate trap.

It was.

My salute to the British. It was a clever trap.

Suspecting the trap though, I wargamed landing parachutists in the rear but the southern defense was too good and the terrain unfavorable (You can be seen approaching from 2,000 feet.).

I did land parachutists in the rear but did not move them north. Instead I moved them south. Whatever was in those trees had only two roads out and I covered both roads with the parachutists. I then attacked from the north. First I bombed the road blocking pillbox with 1,100 pound bombs and then 75mm guns. If not for the 1,100 pound bombs, it would have held for three hours. The British were determined to hold, sending a reinforcing company when I had already broken through the "118 road" defense elsewhere.

Finally, the pillbox fell. And here come the retreating British down BOTH roads for me to capture, THREE TIMES more prisoners more than I expected. Those trees contained another pillbox, one disguised, and MOBILE infantry, all positioned for me to attack from the east.

Good thing I didn't.

But some things are a given. When you read Malta invasion internet posts, they all claim the whole island has been ranged and "boxed" for artillery fire.

I call BS. I never found a field gun anywhere.

The field gun advantage went to me, 12-0.

The British strategy is obvious, Make the Italians attack from the north.

So I did.

Then they delay, Delay, DELAY.

That's why I landed a landed a bicycle battalion. When you can move faster than the British, DELAY becomes impossible. I got everywhere before they did. The British do not have trucks. They have to call for them from Valletta, Although normally 15 minutes away, this game can be 15 minutes in a turn.

Anothr thing the internet generals all insist: NO LANDING BEACHES.

At first glance, that's true. If you live on Malta, evrything looks like a cliff. But beautiful beaches are only 15 minutes away. The British knew those beaches were there, mined them, built pillboxes, and dropped concrete obstacles with spikes to cover them. So the beaches are there (but so are the mines, pillboxes, and concrete spikes.). But the British themselves provided me with obstacle free landing sites. I only had to take out four pillboxes and build a pier. Italy projected their moto broggozi loss would be 100%. I haven't lost a single one.

But that does not mean I will win? No. Italy cited supply as a key reason for canceling the 1940 invasion. They couldn't supply 20,000 men. I can barely supply 5,000. The supply problem is two fold. First, there isn't any WATER. I had to plan my advance along water supply routes with water for one day at a time. It's why I took Dingli Cliffs. I didn't know there were radar stations there. What I knew was that I had to control Rabia and Rabia had no water. Dingli Cliffs did.

So now the British radar is sitting at the bottom of Dingli Cliffs. (Or then again not - another co-pilot mistake here.).

The reason I'm advancing so rapidly is that the British aren't moving. There's very little reaction as they're already in their defensive postions. They're in static, pillbox positions that can be blinded by smoke or (eventually) knocked down by 75mm guns, the latter taking so long I have used up 33% of my ammunition first day. So, no, I'm not shelling Luqa airfield even though it is within range. Can't spare the ammunition. The British also don't have artillery, a key point, while I do. However, a 75mm gun doesn't actually destroy a pillbox. It causes them to abandon their firing position or risk being blinded. Using smoke, then throwing a grenade in, is more effective,

The pillbox on 118 and Triq il Palma was an easy target but covered by infantry. It took two hours to take. Co-pilot thought 30 minutes.

Which brings us back to supply. This is my third try at this game and I still haven't captured a single truck and the civilian ones are already requisitioned. So I had to land ten of my own (not easy). They will each be running four supply trips a day. Eight of those trucks were landed with 2,600-75mm rounds, enough to knock out ten pillboxes. Two trucks carried 2-81mm mortars with 850 heavy (6.8 kg) rounds ( enough for 15 fire missions per mortar).

Otherwise, my two battalions run out of food and ammunition. This is the most difficult supply wargame I've ever played. I am dependent upon the British abandoning Hal Far airfield so I can air land supply.

I only have two battalions, one on bicycles. The British still have about four. They outnumber me and out equip me. Once they figure that out, they'll go from the defensive to the offensive.

Once they do, they'll find their troops better than mine. The game master (co-pilot) still thinks my 400 parachutists in Mosta are still holding out.

No. They surrendered hours ago.
 
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Wargames

Member
LANDING SUPPLY:

The typical Italian soldier carried his needs in water, ammunition, and some rations for one day. So supply has to be landed very quickly. It's why both Italian army battalions made for Bingemma Gap and Dingli Cliffs. Without taking them, I'd be out of water by nightfall. Bingemma Gap was assumed to hold the British HQ for either 2nd or 8th battalion and so both Italian battalions converged on it at the same time, expecting to fight for it. Instead, nothing was there (The British HQ for 8th battalion was in Ghmarr.). That they might have been there was a major concern as HQ units have explosives that might have been used against the water supply. So both battalions were there to take it before demolitions could be initiated and an early arrival timed to give time to take it.

During the day, only one supply ship was landed, the Adige, carrying ten trucks (8 ammunition) and 2 carrying a mortar platoon, and other supplies and was well escorted including Cr.42's. The trucks, along with another 100 mules unloaded, are needed before any supplies are landed, as otherwise supplies unloaded will simply stockpile on the beaches and landings. Instead, the trucks and mules are loaded as the supply ships unloaded. Supplies must be moved off the beaches or become a British target.The plan is to move them into Mellieha and hope Cunningham doesn't bombard it.

Two of the ammunition trucks left to join the two Italian battalions, alreay low on ammunition.

The Adige left with 1st KOMR battalion as prisoners of parachute Company B as their guard. The ship was clearly marked as "POW's" and Italy so informed the British.

The actual supply ships (38 moto brogozzis) did not arrive until 9:30 PM under cover of darkness. This is because 18 of them are scheduled to unload at Marfa Jetty which can be brought under fire by Fort Campbell by day. Shrouded lights were used on the jetty and the bragozzis were unloaded two at a time, every 25 minutes, 60 men per bragozzi. By 12:45 PM, the last two bragozzis were unloaded and on their way back to Italy, empty, 18 total. They landed 1,058 troops but with no armaments beyond rifles, LMG's, and 45mm mortars or what they could carry. I'm using them as labor and replacement troops.

Also at 9:30 PM, two Sesia class transports landed at the outside jettys of Cerkewwa Ferry and began unloading two infantry battalions, 16-75mm guns, their tractors, and 100 mules. The transports will complete their unloading at 12:30 AM, then leave for Augusta, Sicily, arriving 9:30 AM. They will carry over 300 Britsh army prisoners, 400 Libyan parachutists, and 300 Italian parachutists, including wounded.

The parachutists were evacuated as they are not well equipped, are a drain on my water and food, and, once back on Sicily, can be reused again against Hal Far.

On the inside jetty, which now has a pier and unloading ramps built earlier that day by the engineers. will unload another 18 bragozzis. These will be much slower to unload and the 1058 men I landed at Marfa Jetty will participate. The last braggozis will be be unloaded by 6:00 AM and return two at a time to Italy empty. I now have 5,000 men ashore and enough food, water, and ammunition for seven days and with Mellieha's water, nine days.

The 1058 men I landed were given the 6 HMG's and 81mm mortars the parachutists left behind. They must be hand carried and were returned out of ammunition. There is ammo for them in Mellieha but these weapons must be carried for any attack. In theory, that makes them a defensive force. Fortunately, the distance to perform a limited offensive is small. Still, they're underarmed and replacements/laborers, security troops.

The next day (August 31) I could land Adige and two Sesia again and add up to another three infantry battalions but this deeply cuts into my supplies which means parachute dropped supplies for the extra landed battalions as I anticipate British submarines will soon be hunting my five landing transports between Augusta and Cerkewwa Ferry and I can't afford to lose them. Italy has no other ships that can land at Cirkewwa Ferry.

Another possibility is to use two of the ships to each land a mortar company, then land an infantry battalion with the third. This would give me a mortar batalion of 12 mortars and 30 trucks. Right now I only have fourteen trucks to transport the 81mm mortars and they can only be moved once a day as their trucks double as supply trucks (making four runs a day). Thus, trucks are incredibly important. I never captured a single vehicle but one, and that only carried 5 men (Although I did capture a universal carrier.). The reason? Again, British infantry companies are assigned no trucks. That doesn't mean they walk. They ride. Trucks are sent from Valletta to pick them up, move them where they want to go, unload them, and return to Valletta. Thus, if you capture an infantry company, it comes with no trucks. They already left earlier. Malta is so small that the trucks are only fifteen minutes away.

British army losses (not counting KOMR) were on the order of four companies, including one HQ or about 600 men. Two of those companies I caught on the road moving from ambush. My losses were over 500, or about the same, including the entire loss of a parachute battalion and another parachute company. The British should remain on the defensive for at least tomorrow, allowing me to get two more battalions at the front with 16 guns.

Can I win?

Probably not.

I only have two advantages. First, I have artillery when the British do not. Even though a British infantry battalion is better than an Italian one, when you add 8-75mm guns to the Italian battalion, things even up. The British counter with concrete. Second, I'm on the offensive. The British are on the defensive. They don't launch counter offensives. They launch counter attacks to take back a lost position or to reinforce one under attack. Yet there is no thought of advancing on the Italians. Their thinking is fields of fire behind concrete.

While that means I don't have to land a MG battalion (Which I can't do anyway) for defense, the Italians have nothing that shoots through concrete.

Taking a British pillbox from behind takes about half an hour. From the front? Hours. My 75mm guns pretty much bounced off them. I used my 75's and my mortars to take out the infantry flanking the pillbox first, then took the pillbox with smoke and grenades. If the British have mortars, they can shoot back at my artillery crews so I have to fire at range (more misses). I only made one frontal assault, the rest were from the rear and three were ambushes. From here on out, it's all frontal assaults. Co-pilot tells me the British will have repaired four fighters in 24 hours and I assume they won't fall for my "running out of fuel" trick again. Shooting them down with Cr.42's is not in the cards. I suspect the British will not limit them to defending airfields anymore. They'll probably be looking for my supply trucks on the roads, which means they must run at night.

My next objective will be Ta' Qali airfield with those added two infantry battalions and 16 guns. If I take it, I should be able to land about 7 Sm.81 transports at a time there. However, I expect the British to lob mortar shells onto it if I do. The field is grass so easily cratered and turns to mud in rain (a 20% chance in September). Defending its perimeter will be a challenge. What I can usefully land on it isn't clear.

I have taken two landing bays, Paradise Bay and Gnejna, but I have no vessels that can land in them. Moto braggozis are too slow and they land nothing that shoots through concrete and are slow to unload supplies.

Not knowing about HATS, I assumed Cunningham would transport an infantry battalion from Egypt to Valletta in response to my invasion, probably on a cruiser, meaning no artillery. If I advance further, he might still. Adding transports can unload artillery and 100 Bren MG's are already on the way with HATS. The British can hole up in Marsaxlokk and Valletta with two battalions each. If I can take Marsaxlokk (defended by fewer than ten pillboxes, year of construction unknown), I can airlift in mountain troops and supplies but no big guns--and my 75mm guns aren't big enough for the walls around Valletta. Flamethrowers would be better and the reason I landed 12.

Suggestions welcome. I have yet to take the next turn.

Update: I learned the Sessia class can land 3-100/17 guns with 150 rounds each. Using worst case scenario, it would take all 150 rounds to knock out one Malta pillbox from 4-5km to stay out of British mortar range. By comparison, I can land 8-75/27 guns, also with 150 rounds each. Worst case scenario is 250 rounds of 75mm to knock out a British pillbox from 3-5km. Thus, it would take all 75mm rounds of all 8 guns to knock out 5 pillboxes. The 75/27 is better than 100/17. Apparently, the longer barrel on the 75/25 creates higher velocity against concrete. Time to knock out a pillbox? 75 minutes for the 100/17 and 130 minutes for the 75/27.
 
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Wargames

Member
I believe I have shown Italy can land troops on Malta. Supply is another problem, particularly water and trucks. A Sesia transport can only land enough water for 10,000 men for 1.5 days. Water can be parachuted in but with 25% breakage. I did capture towns that can support 1,000 troops with water (Mellieha, Bingemma Gap) and Wied il‑Qlejgħa could supply about 5,000 troops for ten days. If Malta isn't taken in 20 days, I expect the invasion would give up and go home.

I invaded Malta in my game even though I felt I only had 50-50 odds of success. My actual goal was to lure Cunningham out of Alexandria and I believe he (with Churchill's blessing) would have steamed to the rescue, ready to do battle in 48 hours. I had a plan to win that.

While using co-pilot as an opponent/gamemaster makes for interesting play, it has now made six mistakes. One is that it sent me to Dingli Cliffs for water where I captured two radar and one listening station. In actuallity, I would been sent to nearby Wied il‑Qlejgħa and the radar stations would still be operational. Another time, it told me I'd find prepared underground facilities at Gmarr. Yet when I captured it, it then denied they were there. The other errors dealt with time.
 
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jwsleser

Administrator
Staff member
Interesting replay of this possibility, but there are many things that simply aren't correct. I will briefly focus on the paracadutisti.

SM.82 can only carry 28 paracadutisti. Three aircraft is 82 men max. It can also carry 15 aerorifornitori along with the paracadutisti, so supplies for several days (ammo would need to be resupplied based on consumption).

CV/L vehicles are not air droppable. A system was development to air-land these light tanks, but that wasn't available until 1941.

The btg. paracadutisti had radios. The battalion had one R.A.1 and 4 R.F.1s.

Pista! Jeff
 

Wargames

Member
Jeff: Thanks for the corrections and I'm sure you have more: I translate "aerorifornitori" as "air refuelers". Was that your intention?
 

Dili

Member
Clipboard-2.jpg
 

Dili

Member
It is possible that due to short distance fuel weight can be reduced, but the limitation probably is space instead of weight.
as you can see 12 aerorefornitori is 1680kg, so 140kg each including the case. 15 without parachutists.
 
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jwsleser

Administrator
Staff member
Wargames

Aerorifornitori doesn't translate well. They are aerial resupply containers i.e. drop containers, in German Mischlast Abwurfbehälter.

Dili

Thank you for the correction. The following data comes from Istruzione Provvisoria sull'a aviotrasporto i sul carico degli aerorifornitori di un battaglione di ftr. Paracadutisti. It has complete load plans for SM82 aircraft including storage plans and seating. Number and types of supplies pack in each aerorifornitori are listed, including second and third lifts.

There are various combinations and lifts. A platone fuciliere lift is 28 men and three aerorifornitori. Two squadre mitraglieri lift is 18 men and four aerorifornitori, etc. 22 SM82 are needed to lift one complete battalion. 10 aircraft capable of 2800Kg and 12 Aircraft capable of 3200Kg can carry 45 aerorifornitori with the troops. If all 22 aircraft are capable of 3200Kg., 80 aerorifornitori can be carried in addition.

Pista! Jeff
 
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Dili

Member
SM79 or SM 82? I don't think 22 SM79 can lift a para btg. 3 SM79 could probably lift a plt. If there are 3 coy each with 3 plt in btg that is 27 SM79 then there are the support units.
 

jwsleser

Administrator
Staff member
Brain cramp on my part. In too much of a hurry. Corrected.
 

Wargames

Member
Any other corrections? Right now, I estimate 4.2 Sm.82's to carry 96 men, 1 HMG, and 1-81mm mortar. It sounded like parachuting an L3 in 1941 was possible for the planned Malta landing, but I have been corrected on that assumption.
 
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Wargames

Member
AUGUST 31:

5:00 AM:
Italian infantry battalion moves east to take Attard.

5:10 AM: Bersaglieri battalion at Benjimma Ridge heads east for Mdina–Żebbuġ

5:30 AM: Bersaglieri passes Zebugg.

5:;40 AM: One Italian parachute company drops on Farrug (NW of Luqa) and another at Safi (SW of Luqa)

5:45 AM: Luqa airfield strafed by 9 Cr.32 escorted by 9 Cr.42.

5:45 AM: Bersaglieri movement spotted by British just outside Qormi and infantry battalion just east of Mosta. British HQ informed of parachute drop.

5:50 AM: British HQ informed of Italian troop movement.

British orders: Mosta Intersection: hold Mosta at all costs. Mdina–Rabat company: delay the Rabat battalion but do not get encircled.

5:50 AM: Italian infantry battalion turns south, southeast, bypassing Mosta for Attard.

6:00 AM: Two Italian infantry battalions and 16 guns depart Mellieha for Bingemma Ridge. Mdina–Rabat company engages Italian infantry battalion 4km east of Rabat at:
  • 35.890–35.895° N
  • 14.415–14.425° E

No chance of an ambush. Combat last 15 minutes, British 10-20 casualties. Italians 5-10 men.

6:15 AM: Strafing of Luqa ends.

6:20 AM: Italian infantry reach Attard. British withdraw to Valletta–Hamrun–Birkirkara line,

6:30 AM: British spot Mellieha column.

GAME NOTE: The game is accurate but AI can make make mistakes and one happened here. Co-pilot was correct that only one British company defended Luqa, that was against parachutists and airlanding troops. There were two more companies, one at the end of the west runway and one at Qormi. the Bersaglieri would have run into the British at Qormi. The correction was provided by ChatGPT at full power. what follows in RED would not have actually happened.

6:30 AM: Bersaglieri invest Mqabba/Kirkop. Luqa airfield is surrounded.

6:50 AM: Bersaglieri open fire on Kirkop and Safi front of Luqa.

7:00 AM: Italian infantry battalion arrives at Kirkop and Safi front to perform attack.

7:30 AM: Luqa captured. Italian casualties 95. British 95 Prisoners: 40.

8:00 AM: The two Italian infantry battalions with 16 guns arrive at Bingemma Ridge (water).

8:15 AM: Luqa operational for 25 Sm.81's. The two infantry battalions at Bingemma move west to cut exit from north and west of Mosta. Bersaglieri move to cut off Mosta from the east. Intalians at Bingemma range the British intersection with 75mm guns.

8:30 AM: Italian artillery shifts to Naxxar road (the last escape route) and the Birkirkara road

8:45 AM:
Mosta is encircled.

9:00 AM: The two Italian infantry battalions enter from north and west. British surrenders begin.

10:00 AM: British surrender ends. They lost 360 men.


Stop. At this point I have captured three British companies (or would have if not for co-pilot's error). The British are pretty much down to three battalions and I can land 4-5 Sm.81's per hour with either supplies or troops. That may sound like victory, but co-pilot estimated four Hurricanes repaired today (It proved to be one, and one of the other three damaged Hurricanes was cannibalized for parts for the other three) of which I'm fast running out of ways to shoot down. once operational, all three would likely be moved to Hal Far (beyond my 75mm guns).

The defense ChatGPT provided is a roadblock that can be flanked, but the maps to do it probably weren't available to the Italians. My Bersaglieri would not attack but set up a rear defense versus the company at Attard. It would then probe the flanks while waiting for the infantry battalion behind plus the other two. With three battalions and 24-75mm guns in a frontal atack with the Bersaglieri flanking, the British should with retreat. However, they would time for at two British companies to arrive at Luqa. The British company at Qormi indicates the British intended to defend the field. Not so much to use it themselves, but to keep me from using it.

Assuming they defend, I would capture Ta Qali (then a race track) which was known to hold at least seven aircraft for Sm.81 landings. It was defended by a company of 2nd Bn Royal Irish Fusiliers, so basically the same battle above in RED only a different location but same result. After its capture, Mosta would surrounded, as described above and with the same result.

ChatGPT insisted I could land L3 tanks at Gnejna Bay, which I had captured. As they would prove useful against Luqa I asked how. Answer: motobragozzi. How was that possible? It said motobragozzi had steel bow ramps for unloading. I have seen pictures of motobragozzi and no such ramp. When I challenged that they were fishing boats it replied that was a common misconception, that "brago" was Italian for barge/raft and the ending "gozzi" was borrowed from a French word for "fishing". They were actually harbor liters for unloading ships. It was describing Motozattera (MZ). So one must have your facts right and not rely on AI. AI eliminates the mapboard, nothing else.

On September 2, my supply problem was solved. Fort Campbell surrendered without a shot fired. It turns out it was built with no water supply. Water had to be trucked in, enough for two days only for its 180 men. I cut the fort's road's on August 30, forcing surrender between September 1 or 2. I chose the second. This allowed me to land 200-300 tons of supplies per day on Mellieha Bay or enough water and supplies for my four battalions.

Air drops and Cirkewwa Ferry would further raise my ability to support another four battalions.

Currently, two British battalions defend Hal Far and one Valletta, with some shated companies at Luqa.

I must move on Hal Far and take out whatever pillboxes block my way (10 according to AI, depending upon year of construction.). Although I only have to knock out three side by side (accomplished by landing three 100/17 guns) or bombing. Yet I still have to get past the remaining British behind them and by frontal assault. So far, I have avoided frontal assaults as too expensive. Yet they are all that remain to me. The Italian army was terrible at this. Way more terrible than you think. I won't have to worry about water and supplies anymore for my 5,000 men because they'll all be dead and get just one British battalion.

I stopped here because I don't have to take Malta. It can be done but expensively. Just send more bodies.
I only invaded Malta to draw Admiral Cunningham to a time and place of my own choosing. Italy had already calculated his course, prewar, to reach Malta, the very course he took in July, 1940.
I simply calculated an interception for him to take it again.
It worked.
Cunningham sailed into my trap with "absolute certainty" as judged by Microsoft's co-pilot.
I won.
Invading Malta set the date to within four hours of his reaching my interception point.
So I achieved my goal. I could evacuate Malta after this day (and might have to) and still achieve my goal of getting rid of Cunnningham. The HATS convoy never arrived either. Co-pilot calculated my odds of success at 99.8% aganst HATS.
That's pretty damned certain.
And no more future convoys to Malta would ever be planned. I had eliminated their only means to get there.
I will leave it to others to continue the battle for Malta beyond this point.

I owe most of my success to 1) The addition of the Bersaglieri bicycle battalion 2) Keeping the Hurricane fighters in the air longer than their fuel allowed, then following them down as they landed. 3) The defensive posture of the British and 4) The British lack of artillery. I owe my failures to the inability to land and move supplies, particularly water.
 
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